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Championing Climate Resilience and Policy Innovation

Economy and Livelihoods

Naseer Memon

Coastal development

The federal government has once again shown interest in starting mega-projects along the Sindh coastline. Federal Minister for Maritime Affairs Muhammad Junaid Anwar Chaudhry has announced an ambitious plan to transform the Ziarat Hasan Shah Island into a premier eco-tourism and lifestyle destination.

The plan envisages to make the island a flagship destination for eco-tourism, sports tourism and lifestyle 

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Growing grievances

On April 17, the Punjab government announced a major support package for farmers.

The announcement followed protest demonstrations by farmers in the Punjab and Sindh. Voices against new canals in Indus River system and development of new command areas for corporate farming have transcended the provincial boundaries. Several political parties have started organising protests in support of the farming community.

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Conserving land for future

Land is a primary resource for growing grains. Rapid degradation of land mass worldwide is a looming threat to food security. According to United Nations Environment Programme about 70 percent of dry land used for agriculture worldwide has been degraded. Desertification and land degradation have afflicted almost 30 percent of land area of the world and one-sixth of the world’s population. The impact is more severe in Asia—home to almost 60 percent of global

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Credibility deficit

CONFLICT over the waters of the Indus is more than a century old.

British-era documents provide evidence that Sindh — when it was governed by Bombay — protested against the waters’ upstream diversion through a series of projects in the Punjab. The Bombay administration always viewed upstream diversion as detrimental to Sindh’s share, and argued against the construction of the Thal and Haveli canals in the 1920s.

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Development scenario in Sindh

A RECENTLY released report of the World Bank, “Securing Sindh’s future: challenges ahead” has revealed startling facts about the state of governance and socio-economic well-being in the province, particularly in the rural areas. The document is littered with hard facts of under-development in the province.

The overall governance seems to be the key factor responsible for socio-economic degradation. A province which has been contributing enormously to the national economy is suffering from negative growth in almost every sector.

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Discretionary development

The thick budget documents often go untouched by most of the parliamentarians on either side of the aisles. Ritualistic narratives and perfunctory comments are liberally exchanged often without trying to decipher the complex digits cooked up by seasoned bureaucrats. Almost every year certain customary phrases are used e.g. tax free budget, pro-people budget, pro-poor budget and anti-people budget.

Media avidly covers all the contentious comments and cacophony unleashed during the post-budget discussions. The post-

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The cess mess

The federal government steamrollered all the dissent in the parliament and embarked upon another contentious piece of legislation with the connivance of pseudo opposition party PPP. Bereft of any sign of altruism, the PML-N government fortified anti-Punjab sentiment by imposing Gas Infrastructure Development Cess (GIDC) against the will of smaller provinces.

The chief ministers of Sindh and KP provinces have already deprecated the cess which is aimed at benefitting Punjab at the expense of other provinces. The controversial law was earlier levied by the PPP government in 2011 by enacting the 

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Unemployment in rural Sindh

Unemployment in rural areas is the most daunting challenge being faced by the new Sindh government. The rural areas are fast losing their agriculture-based employment potential due to persistent shortage of water and land degradation. Almost 14 million people in rural Sindh directly depend on agriculture as their major source of livelihood.

However, this source of livelihood and employment is under severe pressure due to variety of reasons. Drought, faulty water distribution mechanism, poor management of water resources, land degradation, lack of research and inept market

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Food for thought

Discussions have finally started in earnest on the 11th National Finance Commission Award. Distribution of financial resources through NFC awards has always been an inflammatory subject in Pakistan. The provinces are, understandably, always jostling for a bigger share than can be easily conceded by the other stake-holder. The provincial governments point out that public service delivery is primarily their responsibility.

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Sharing a pie

Discussions have finally started in earnest on the 11th National Finance Commission Award. Distribution of financial resources through NFC awards has always been an inflammatory subject in Pakistan. The provinces are, understandably, always jostling for a bigger share than can be easily conceded by the other stake-holder. The provincial governments point out that public service delivery is primarily their responsibility.

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Tackling unemployment in rural Sindh

The government of Sindh has announced creating approx 50,000 new jobs in the next financial year. The budgetary announcement was greeted with cheers by many who still believe that a public sector job is the dream destination in one’s life.

Youth in the rural Sindh particularly have great enchantment with public sector jobs. Students grow with prayers of getting a government job after acquiring a graduation degree. Rural areas where agriculture is a key driver of economy and landlords are seen as the most powerful 

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Badly neglected and mismanaged social sector

SOCIAL sector has remained the most neglected sector. Riddled with bad governance, the country has been ignoring this sector. Carrying a history of wrong choices and inappropriate priorities, poverty has become an integral part of lives of a vast majority of citizens.

An analysis of budget figures from 1947 to 2,005, shows that development has received the lowest budget allocations, whereas combined expenditure on defence and debt servicing has been eating away the larger part of the pie.

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Global capital, development and livelihood of the poor

While investment avenues in the developed world are almost saturated, global capital is now exploring new markets. The developing world offers fertile grounds for international investors.

The developing world has enormous natural resources which largely remain unexploited due to lack of technology, capital and human resource. The law enforcement is weak and governments are inefficient and corrupt.

The laws including environmental, human and consumer rights are easy to flout. Civil society, consumer rights groups and political 

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Dimensions of poverty

The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) have released a report "Multidimensional Poverty in Pakistan" which depicts a grim picture of social well-being in the country.

The concept of poverty has evolved over time. As knowledge about the complexity of human societies is growing, poverty has found new meanings and coping strategies. Starting from the more banal concepts of nature’s curse, inadequate calorie intake and lack of 

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Battle for award begins

The finance ministry notified and convened belated meeting of the 8th National Finance Commission (NFC) to develop a mechanism for distribution of resources between federal government and the provinces for the next five years.

Resource distribution in a federation is a complex and often contentious affair. Relations between provinces and centre have never been cordial in Pakistan. The three smaller provinces have a deep-seated discontent, the roots of which can be traced to over-centralised policies adopted since the formative years of the country. A tight-fisted centre has been cavalierly devouring the resources of smaller provinces. 

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